Out & About …

… on the North York Moors, or wherever I happen to be.

Bell Heather—The purple beauty of the North York Moors

Bell heather is my most favourite of the heathers. I love thee richness of its purple hue, and unlike the more prevalent and lilac-coloured ling, which The North York Moors is renowned for, bell heather boasts an extended display. It blooms earlier in June and lingers longer, often extending into September. The National Park proudly boasts the largest continuous expanse of heather moorland in England and Wales, and this swathe on Warren Moor, overlooking Baysdale.

Adding to this heather assemblage is the cross-leaved heath, completing the triumvirate. In addition, there is another type of heather, St Dabeoc’s Heath (Daboecia cantabrica), in at least one location on the North York Moors, although it is more commonly associated with the western regions of Ireland1North. 2016. ‘A to Z: A Horde of Hs’, The Official Blog for the North York Moors National Park (The official blog for the North York Moors National Park) <https://northyorkmoorsnationalpark.wordpress.com/2016/07/12/a-to-z-a-horde-of-hs/#:~:text=The%20North%20York%20Moors%20is%20renowned%20for%20its%20heather> [accessed 12 July 2023].

It may seem an aporia, but the North York Moors, despite their reputation, are relatively dry and well-drained. Bell heather thrives in the more well-drained areas of these moorland habitats. While they possess peat soils, there is typically a shallow layer of peat before reaching the mineral soil, which has an acidic nature. Most heather moorlands are subjected to grazing and regular burning, often carried out by gamekeepers aiming to prevent the encroachment of scrub and trees. This practice creates a diverse mosaic of heather at different stages of growth, providing food and nesting cover for game birds such as grouse. Bell heather and ling, being adapted to acidic soils and burning, require the exposure to smoke for their seeds to germinate—an intriguing fact that astonishes me, as it is rarely mentioned as a justification for the periodic burning of grouse moors2“More than just a bog: an educational resource for A and AS Level Geography and Higher Geography and Biology.” 2013. Originally prepared by: Jenny Townsend (Independent Educational Consultant) and Professor Mark Reed (Birmingham City University) for www.sustainableuplands.org (site no longer valid). (Edit: see comments below).

In the Scots dialect, bell heather is affectionately known as Carlin-heather3Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, 1818..


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5 responses to “Bell Heather—The purple beauty of the North York Moors”

  1. Robert MacNamara avatar
    Robert MacNamara

    No doubt laddie you have been to ‘ Johnny’s Places ‘ to see the Bonnie Purple Heather .

  2. Stephen avatar
    Stephen

    I would question the validity of the statement “Bell heather and ling, being adapted to acidic soils and burning, require the exposure to smoke for their seeds to germinate”

    I cannot find a reference to support the statement within the source material quoted.

    Whilst the existing literature seems to support that burning can hasten the germination of seeds and the practice favors Heather species. It is not “required” for Heather to germinate. Heather brash bundles (full of seed) are used in peatland restoration for example and have no problem getting established without burning.

    1. Fhithich avatar
      Fhithich

      I was surprised too. I stumbled upon this discovery while perusing the depths of my hard drive. In a footnote to the post, I cited the document which came from http://www.sustainableuplands.org and/or http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk, both now seemingly defunct.

      Entitled “More than just a bog: an educational resource for A and AS Level Geography and Higher Geography and Biology,” this document dates back to the year 2013. The original authors, Jenny Townsend, an “Independent Educational Consultant,” and a Professor Mark Reed of Birmingham City University, prepared the document.

      The latter of the two websites seems to have been reincarnated as https://www.nationalparksengland.org.uk/ but I can not find the document on there. Good job I saved a copy.

      The exact quote is :

      “Moorlands are relatively dry and well drained, and although they have peat soils, they typically have quite a shallow layer of peat before you reach mineral soil. Because of the layer of peat layer, the soil is acidic, and you see plants that are adapted to these conditions. In the UK, most heather moorlands are grazed and regularly burned, usually by game keepers who want to prevent scrub and trees taking over, and create a mosaic of different aged heathers for game birds like grouse to feed and shelter/nest in. Heathers like cross-leaved heath (bell heather) and Calluna vulgaris (common heather) are adapted to the acid soils and burning, as their seeds only germinate after they have been exposed to smoke.” My italics.

      I can sent you a copy if you want.

      I wonder whether any of the students passed their examinations!

      I would be interested to hear if you find any further info. either way.

  3. Stephen Larkin avatar
    Stephen Larkin

    To find the ecological requirements of plant species I recommend the Ecological Flora of the British Isles at http://ecoflora.org.uk/
    This is “a database constructed from a wide variety of sources by Dr Helen Peat and Professor Alastair Fitter at the University of York”.

    For each species it lists a large number of ecological characteristics giving each a number shown on the left of the page. A search on the page with the species for the word “germination” leads to what we want to know about and other factors that affect germination. For every fact a source is cited.

    Here are my findings:-

    Ling – Calluna vulgaris
    http://ecoflora.org.uk/search_ecochars.php?plant_no=1320030010%20&cs=1
    189 Germination inhibited by ash
    190 Germination unaffected by smoke

    Bell heather – Erica cinerea
    http://ecoflora.org.uk/search_ecochars.php?plant_no=1320010060%20&cs=1
    136 Germination unaffected by smoke

    I think this source is more reliable than the one cited above.

    1. Fhithich avatar
      Fhithich

      Thanks Stephen. Remind me not to use that resource when I take my A level.

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